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Industrialization, Innovation and Infrastructure

Build reliable infrastructure, ensure inclusive and sustainable industrialization, and innovate.

In 2023, 14% of the global population still lacked access to broadband internet, though progress has been made compared to 2017.

According to 2024 data, the share of manufacturing in global GDP grew to 16.8%, driven largely by growth in Asia and Africa.

Small and medium-sized enterprises make up more than 90% of businesses worldwide and provide between 55 and 60% of all jobs.

Each new job created in manufacturing generates an additional 2.2 to 2.5 jobs in other sectors (based on data from 2023–2025).

In 2023, global spending on research and development (R&D) reached 2.5% of GDP, up from 2% in 2017.

Over the past three years, the number of technology start-ups has increased by 30%, especially in the fields of green energy, digital industry, and agricultural innovation.

Between 2023 and 2025, the processing of agro-industrial products in developing countries grew to 35–40%, helping increase the value of agricultural production.

9.1 Develop quality, reliable, sustainable and resilient infrastructure, including regional and transborder infrastructure, to support economic development and human well-being, with a focus on affordable and equitable access for all.

9.2 Promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization and, by 2030, significantly raise industry’s share of employment and gross domestic product, in line with national circumstances, and double its share in least developed countries.

9.3 Increase the access of small-scale industrial and other enterprises, in particular in developing countries, to financial services, including affordable credit, and their integration into value chains and markets.

9.4 By 2030, upgrade infrastructure and retrofit industries to make them sustainable, with increased resource-use efficiency and greater adoption of clean and environmentally sound technologies and industrial processes, with all countries taking action in accordance with their respective capabilities.

9.5 Enhance scientific research, upgrade the technological capabilities of industrial sectors in all countries, in particular developing countries, including, by 2030, encouraging innovation and substantially increasing the number of research and development workers per 1 million people and public and private R&D spending.

9.a Facilitate sustainable and resilient infrastructure development in developing countries through enhanced financial, technological and technical support to African countries, least developed countries, landlocked developing countries and small island developing States.

9.b Support domestic technology development, research and innovation in developing countries, including by ensuring a conducive policy environment for, inter alia, industrial diversification and value addition to commodities.

9.c Significantly increase access to information and communications technology and strive to provide universal and affordable access to the Internet in least developed countries by 2020.

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